Journal: bioRxiv
Article Title: Thermal-Acoustic Activation of Hydrophobic Polystyrene Supports for High-Efficiency Aqueous Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis
doi: 10.64898/2026.05.05.722603
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Digital image of Fmoc-amino acid in the presence of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and Oxyma prior to aqueous activation. (B) Fmoc-amino acid with EDC.HCl and Oxyma, N-methylmorpholine (NMM), in water mixed manually, showing incomplete dissolution and visible undissolved particulates. (C) The same mixture subjected to ultrasonic agitation at ambient temperature for 10 min, exhibiting persistent phase heterogeneity and incomplete solubilization. (D) Mixture heated to ∼50 °C with manual stirring, showing partial dispersion but continued presence of undissolved material. (E) Mixture heated to ∼50 °C and simultaneously subjected to ultrasonic irradiation for 10 min, resulting in a homogeneous yellow solution, indicating complete dissolution in water.
Article Snippet: N, N’ -diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) (CAS Number: 387649), N-methylmorpholine (NMM) (CAS Number: 109-02-4), piperedine (PIP) (CAS Number: 110-89-4), (Acetic anhydride (CAS Number: 108-24-7) acetonitrile (ACN) (CAS Number: 75-05-8), methanol (MeOH) (CAS Number: 67-56-1), isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (CAS Number: 67-63-0), N, N’ -dimethylformamide (DMF) (CAS Number: 68-12-2), dichloromethane (DCM) (CAS Number: 75-09-2), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (CAS Number: 76-05-1), triisopropylsilane (TIS) (CAS Number: T1533), diethyl ether (CAS Number: 60-29-7), and tert-butyl methyl ether (CAS Number: 1634-04-4) were obtained from Loba Chemie Private Limited.
Techniques: Activation Assay, Dissolution, Dispersion, Irradiation